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(9/11)
Ecology
problems are of vital importance today. What can common people
do to protect the planet?
Man have always
wanted to make his life easier. He invented machines and
mechanisms which have been working — and polluting the world we
live in. Economists have long thought of the environment as of
the unlimited source of resources only. In fact, the economy and
the environment are closely related. The environment supplies
the economy with water, timber, minerals, oil, etc. It has to
absorb all the waste products, too. Nevertheless, some
economists have always argued that pollution damages the
resources.
There are many
consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid
rain. Pumping waste gases from a power station does not get rid
of them. Waste gases cause acid rain, this leads to forest
damage and reduces the resources of forestry industry.
Another one is
water shortage. It comes from abuse of lands in agriculture. The
third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through
pollution from factories and plants. The fourth one is damage to
water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: many
species of plants and animals can disappear. The sixth one is
the greenhouse effect and global warming — that is, an increase
in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans.
Global warming can lead to rises in sea levels, and extreme
weather events such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes, and
global climate change. Lastly, the most serious danger is the
result of all these consequences. This is the danger for the
life and health of the man.
The territories
of the former Soviet Union are suffering many environmental
problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic
activities. Apart from the effect of the Chernobyl disaster, the
worst problem is that with the Aral Sea. Cotton growing in the
region has used large amounts of water, and the sea level has
fallen, this destroyed fishing and led to a damage in soils,
crops, and wildlife. Many forests in the Far East and in the
north of European Russia are under threat. A system of dams on
the Volga damaged fish.
If we cannot
learn to use the environment carefully, very soon we'll have no
world to live in. In my opinion, pollution can be stopped or at
least reduced by using fuels which are low in pollutants, more
complete burning of solid fuels, shift to using alternative
forms of power such as wind power, electricity or solar energy
and banning the use of nuclear power. The first reason why I
believe these ways to be most effective ones is that industry
and transport are the most important sources of all chemical
pollution of air, water and soil. The second one is that banning
the use of nuclear power will destroy the danger of radioactive
contamination.
The most
important thing common people could do is to change their
attitude towards the environment. We should realize that natural
resources are not unlimited and destroying them may result in
destroying life on Earth. The change of public attitude to the
environment is important due to several reasons. Firstly, public
opinion could make governments introduce stricter anti-pollution
measures. It could make governments fund scientific research
facilitating development of ecologically safe materials and
sources of energy. Secondly, people could behave in the way
which is less damaging for the ecology of our planet. For
example, they could stop leaving litter in city streets and in
the country. Thirdly, they could stop damaging forests by
cutting down trees for their personal needs or causing forest
fires.
Translate the
following sentences into English.
1. Чтобы облегчить свою жизнь, человек изобрел машины и
механизмы, которые загрязняют окружающую среду.
2. Хотя окружающая среда снабжает экономику водой, лесом,
полезными ископаемыми, нефтью, она не является неисчерпаемым
источником ресурсов.
3. Экономика и окружающая среда тесно связаны: окружающая среда
должна поглощать все отходы, которые экономика выбрасывает в
нее.
4. Экономика наносит ущерб ресурсам из-за кислотных дождей,
которые приводят к повреждению лесов, из-за неправильного
использования земель в сельском хозяйстве, разрушения озонового
слоя, вреда, наносимого воде, почвам и природе, парникового
эффекта.
5. Глобальное потепление — это увеличение средней температуры
земной атмосферы и океанов, которое может привести к подъему
уровня морей и экстремальным явлениям природы.
6. На территории России существует много проблем с окружающей
средой, вызванных экономической деятельностью, таких как
последствия Чернобыльской катастрофы и проблема Аральского моря.
7. Мы должны научиться бережно использовать окружающую среду.
8. Загрязнение окружающей среды можно остановить или, по крайней
мере, уменьшить, используя топливо, содержащее низкое количество
токсичных веществ, более полно сжигая твердое топливо, перейдя
на использование альтернативных источников энергии и запретив
использование ядерной энергии.
9. Простые люди могут изменить свое отношение к окружающей среде
и заставить правительства ввести более строгие меры охраны
окружающей среды и финансировать исследования, способствующие
разработке экологически безопасных материалов и источников
энергии.
10. Люди могут вести себя таким образом, чтобы наносить меньший
вред экологии планеты.
1. To make his
life easier, man has invented machines and mechanisms, which
have been polluting the environment.
2. Though the environment supplies the economy with water,
timber, minerals, and oil, it is not the unlimited source of
resources.
3. The economy and the environment are closely related: the
environment has to absorb all the waste products the economy
throws into it.
4. The economy damages the resources through acid rain leading
to forest damage, an abuse of lands in agriculture, destroying
the ozone layer, damage to water, soils, and wildlife, the
greenhouse effect.
5. Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of
the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, which can lead to rises in
sea levels, and extreme weather events.
6. The territories of Russia suffer many environmental problems,
caused by economic activities, such as the effects of the
Chernobyl disaster and the problem with the Aral Sea.
7. We have to learn to use the environment carefully.
8. Pollution can be stopped or at least reduced by using fuels
which are low in pollution, more complete burning of solid
fuels, shift to using alternative forms of power and banning the
use of nuclear power.
9. Common people could change their attitude towards the
environment and make governments introduce stricter
anti-pollution measures and fund research facilitating
development of ecologically safe materials and sources of
energy.
10. People could behave in ways which are less damaging for the
ecology of the planet.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык.
Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part
one. English examination topics. Forms 9/11.
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